When he was killed in 44 B.C., his will stated that his great-nephew, Gaius Octavius (Octavian), was his heir.Ĭaesarion had spent the first two years of his life with his mom Cleopatra in Rome when Julius Caesar died. But he didn’t acknowledge Caesarion as his heir. There, Julius Caesar recognized Caesarion as his son, making him his only surviving child. and made it known to all that Julius Caesar was the father. Sources say Julius Caesar invited Cleopatra and Caesarion over to Rome at the end of 46 B.C. Right after Julius Caesar left Egypt, Cleopatra was pregnant. At the same time, she took Julius Caesar as her lover and even invited the Roman general, who was 30 years older than she was, to stay in Egypt with her. She co-ruled with a younger brother, Ptolemy XIV. It was during this same period that Cleopatra sneaked into Alexandria, met with Julius Caesar, and managed to get his help in defeating her brother Ptolemy XIII.Īfter Ptolemy III’s death, Julius Caesar placed Cleopatra, who was then 21, on the throne. Pompey fled to Alexandria but was executed by Ptolemy III, who presented his head to Julius Caesar while the latter was in Egypt. Julius Caesar would defeat Pompey in the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 B.C. She fled to Syria, set up her own base of operations and raised an army. Julius Caesar and Pompey the Great, two of Rome’s great military heroes, were engaged in a civil war - the Battle of Pharsalus - and were in search of alliances. Pompey, who wanted Egypt to be on his side, threw his weight behind Ptolemy XIII over Cleopatra, who went into exile. Ptolemy III’s advisers subsequently initiated plans to make him the sole ruler.Īt the same time the two were competing for the throne, there was also a battle in Rome over who would control its mighty empire. What’s more, Cleopatra began competing with Ptolemy XIII to rule Egypt. When their father died in 51 B.C., Cleopatra married her 10-year-old brother and co-ruler, Ptolemy XIII, but there was no love between the two. According to one account, they would serve together under the guardianship of Rome since Egypt was a Roman protectorate. When Cleopatra was 18, her father Ptolemy XII named her and her 10-year-old brother Ptolemy XIII, as co-heirs. Full name Ptolemy Philopator Philometor Caesar, also called Ptolemy XV Caesar, Caesarion’s mother, Cleopatra, was the daughter of Ptolemy XII.
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